13 Further research is needed to investigate the interconnected pathophysiologic roles of glucagon, GLP-1, and GIP while determining the niche for twincretin therapy in T2DM
The pandemic boosted its relevance and its valuation almost overnight
Additionally, the GLP-1-mediated slowing of gastric emptying could affect the absorption of co-administered oral medications, a consideration shared with all GLP-1 agonists
GLP-1 RAs Hold Promising Potential for Reduction of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors additional benefits : Brain: Appetite suppression, nerve protection, and decreased neuroinflammation Heart: Decreased blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), reduced total cholesterol levels, lowered endothelial dysfunction, and increased heart rate Liver: Decreased glucose production Pancreas: Increased insulin secretion, decreased glucagon secretion, B islet cell proliferation GI Tract: Decreased gastric emptying Because these drugs cause weight loss, it is not clear whether the GLP-1 RAs or the weight loss reduces cardiometabolic risks