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Based on an interview with Tullio Abbate and VHICULE publisher Christopher Kippenberger

"This legislation needs to be modernized." Smoking numbers among youth are down to 11 per cent among 15 to 19 year olds, and 18 per cent among 20 to 24 year olds, according to Cunningham

Ammonia, for instance, is often added to reduce harshness and enhance nicotine absorption: "Cigarette companies control the impact and delivery of nicotine in many ways, including designing filters and selecting cigarette paper to maximise the ingestion of nicotine, adding ammonia to make the cigarette taste less harsh, and controlling the physical and chemical make-up of the tobacco blend." In Bahrain and the wider WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, cigarettes tend to have higher yields of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide compared to those sold in Europe or the Americas

Rev Investig Clin 71(1):17